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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veststu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Сибирского государственного университета путей сообщения</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian State University of Transport</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1815-9265</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52170/1815-9265_2025_75_42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veststu-189</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАНСПОРТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение метрик центральности для поиска критических узлов и оценки их влияния на транспортную сеть</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of centrality metrics for finding critical nodes and assessing their impact on the transport network</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беков</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Аркадьевич Беков – аспирант кафедры «Информационные технологии на транспорте»</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Bekov – Postgraduate Student of the Information Technologies in Transport Department</p><p>Novosibirsk</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihailbekov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian Transport University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беков М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беков М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bekov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikstu.ru/jour/article/view/189">https://www.vestnikstu.ru/jour/article/view/189</self-uri><abstract><p>   В работе предлагается методика идентификации критических узлов транспортной сети мегаполиса на основании комбинированной метрики, учитывающей несколько различных показателей центральности графа. Цель исследования заключается в том, чтобы выявить наиболее значимые элементы транспортной инфраструктуры и оценить их влияние на устойчивость системы при возникновении сбоев. Для построения графа дорожной сети использованы инструменты OSMnx и данные OpenStreetMap, прошедшие фильтрацию по автомобильным дорогам, что позволило сформировать адекватную модель улично-дорожной сети города.   В качестве базовых показателей применены классические метрики центральности: центральность по посредничеству (Betweenness); центральность, основанная на степени узла (Degree); центральность по близости (Closeness); гармоническая центральность (Harmonic), а также метрика по нагрузке (Load). Все метрики нормализованы – приведены к единой шкале для сопоставимости результатов. На их основе предложено использовать интегральную комбинированную метрику, представляющую собой среднее значение нормализованных показателей, что позволяет комплексно учитывать как топологические, так и функциональные свойства узлов.   Для проверки методики проведено имитационное моделирование, включающее сценарии увеличения весов ребер для эмуляции пробок, а также полное исключение из сети отдельных узлов. Полученные результаты подтвердили, что ключевым фактором остается центральность по посредничеству, однако использование комбинированной метрики дает более устойчивую и сбалансированную оценку. Установлено, что удаление критических узлов существенно увеличивает среднюю длину кратчайших путей, что свидетельствует о высокой уязвимости сети и подчеркивает необходимость приоритизации таких объектов при планировании развития и защите транспортной инфраструктуры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   This study introduces a methodology for identifying critical nodes within the metropolitan transport network by employing a composite metric that integrates multiple measures of graph centrality. The primary objective is to determine the most significant elements of urban transport infrastructure and to evaluate their impact on the overall resilience of the system under disruptive conditions. The road network graph was constructed using the OSMnx library and OpenStreetMap data, filtered to include only automobile roads, which ensured an accurate representation of the city’s street network.   The analysis is based on several classical centrality indicators, including betweenness centrality, degree centrality, closeness centrality, harmonic centrality, and load centrality. All measures were normalized to a common scale to enable comparability. A composite centrality metric was then proposed, defined as the mean of the normalized values, which provides an integrated assessment of both the topological and functional properties of network nodes.   To validate the proposed approach, simulation experiments were conducted, incorporating scenarios of edge weight increase to emulate traffic congestion as well as the complete removal of selected nodes. The findings demonstrate that betweenness centrality remains the most influential factor in identifying critical nodes; however, the composite metric yields a more balanced and robust evaluation. Moreover, the removal of critical nodes was shown to significantly increase the average shortest path length, thereby highlighting the vulnerability of the transport system and underscoring the necessity of prioritizing these elements in urban planning, infrastructure development, and resilience strategies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>критические объекты</kwd><kwd>транспортная инфраструктура</kwd><kwd>мультиграф</kwd><kwd>методы центральности</kwd><kwd>моделирование графа</kwd><kwd>транспортные сети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>critical objects</kwd><kwd>transport infrastructure</kwd><kwd>multigraph</kwd><kwd>centrality methods</kwd><kwd>graph modelling</kwd><kwd>transport networks</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Complexity and Vulnerability Analysis of Critical Infrastructures: A Methodological Approach / Y. 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