<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veststu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Сибирского государственного университета путей сообщения</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Siberian State University of Transport</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1815-9265</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52170/1815-9265_2026_81_97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veststu-985</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО И АРХИТЕКТУРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BUILDING AND ARCHITECTURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка долговечности и остаточного срока службы  эксплуатируемых опор железнодорожных мостов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of durability and residual service life of operational supports of rail ay bridges</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стефан Васильевич Ефимов– кандидат технических наук, доцент, директор СибНИИ мостов, доцент кафедры «Мосты»</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stefan V. Efimov – Candidate of Engineering, Associate Professor, Director of SibNII Mostov, Associate Professor of the Bridges Department</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esvmt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жунев</surname><given-names>К. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhunev</surname><given-names>K. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Олегович Жунев – кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник СибНИИ мостов</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill O. Zhunev – Сandidate of Engineering, Senior Researcher at SibNII Mostov</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">junev.kirill@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаплин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaplin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Владимирович Чаплин – кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Мосты», старший научный сотрудник СибНИИ мостов</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Chaplin – Сandidate of Engineering, Associate Professor of the Bridges Department</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pauk_iv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеин</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shein</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Олегович Шеин – инженер СибНИИ мостов</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan О. Shein– Engineer at SibNII Mostov</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pauk_iv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Михайлович Попов– профессор, доктор технических наук, заведующий кафедрой «Теоретическая механика»</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoliy M. Popov– Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Head of the Theoretical Mechanics Department</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">5termech@stu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian Transport University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Спецвыпуск</issue-title><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ефимов С.В., Жунев К.О., Чаплин И.В., Шеин И.О., Попов А.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ефимов С.В., Жунев К.О., Чаплин И.В., Шеин И.О., Попов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Efimov S.V., Zhunev K.O., Chaplin I.V., Shein I.O., Popov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikstu.ru/jour/article/view/985">https://www.vestnikstu.ru/jour/article/view/985</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены теоретические и прикладные аспекты оценки долговечности и остаточного срока службы опор эксплуатируемых железнодорожных мостов. Актуальность темы обусловлена сочетанием нескольких факторов: значительным сроком эксплуатации железнодорожных мостовых сооружений, накоплением и развитием дефектов в основных несущих конструкциях, необходимостью пропуска тяжеловесных поездов в условиях высокой интенсивности движения, а также ограниченностью ресурсов на капитальный ремонт и реконструкцию.  В статье рассмотрена эволюция подходов к оценке долговечности: от эмпирических и детерминированных к стохастическим (вероятностным) моделям. Выполнен ретроспективный анализ отраслевой нормативной базы на длительном временном интервале с обобщением основных подходов и методик, характерных для разных периодов эксплуатации сооружений. Показано, что объективный прогноз оценки остаточного ресурса должен строиться на базе исторических данных по эксплуатации сооружений и результатов периодических наблюдений за появлением и развитием дефектов, оказывающих влияние на долговечность.  Приведен анализ состояния русловых опор железнодорожных мостов, выполненный на основе статистических данных по наличию дефектности. На основании полученных результатов построены графики вероятности появления в русловых опорах мостов дефектов, влияющих на долговечность, в зависимости от сроков эксплуатации конструкций.  Приведены графики плотности распределения вероятностей, по которым определены обеспеченные сроки эксплуатации опор до появления конкретного дефекта. Установлена применимость использования метода для прогнозирования долговечности и остаточного ресурса опор при наличии соответствующей статистики по истории их эксплуатации. Отмечено, что дальнейшие исследования для определения долговечности конструкций должны основываться на полноценных данных об истории эксплуатации элементов мостового сооружения. Полученные в рамках данной работы материалы составляют базис для прогнозирования параметров долговечности опор мостовых сооружений и оценки их остаточного срока службы. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the theoretical and applied aspects of assessing the durability and remaining service life of supports on operational railway bridges. The relevance of this topic stems from a combination of several factors: the significant service life of railway bridge structures, the accumulation and development of defects in the main supporting structures, the need to accommodate heavy trains under high traffic conditions, and limited resources for major repairs and reconstruction. This article examines the evolution of approaches to durability assessment: from empirical and deterministic to stochastic (probabilistic) models. A retrospective analysis of the industry regulatory framework over a long period of time is performed, summarizing the main approaches and methods characteristic of different periods of structure operation. It is shown that an objective forecast for assessing the remaining service life should be based on historical data on the operation of the structure and the results of periodic observations of the occurrence and development of defects affecting durability. This article presents an analysis of the condition of railway bridge channel piers based on statistical data on the presence of defects. Based on the obtained results, graphs of the probability of occurrence of defects in bridge channel piers affecting their service life are constructed depending on the service life of the structures. Probability density plots are presented, which are used to determine the guaranteed service life of the piers before the occurrence of a specific defect. The applicability of this method for predicting the service life and remaining life of piers is established given the availability of relevant statistics on the service history of similar piers. It is noted that further research to determine the service life of structures should be based on comprehensive data on the service history of bridge structure components. The data obtained in this study form the basis for predicting the durability parameters of bridge piers and estimating their remaining service life.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мост</kwd><kwd>железнодорожный мост</kwd><kwd>опоры моста</kwd><kwd>долговечность</kwd><kwd>срок службы</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>техническое состояние</kwd><kwd>диагностика и наблюдение</kwd><kwd>элементы мостов</kwd><kwd>надежность</kwd><kwd>информационные системы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bridge</kwd><kwd>railway bridge</kwd><kwd>bridge supports</kwd><kwd>durability</kwd><kwd>service life</kwd><kwd>forecasting</kwd><kwd>technical condition</kwd><kwd>diagnostics and monitoring</kwd><kwd>bridge components</kwd><kwd>reliability</kwd><kwd>information systems</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Efimov S., Bokarev S., Pribytkov S. Durability of operated reinforced concrete superstructures of railroad bridges // MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018. Vol. 216, No. 01005. DOI 10.1051/matecconf/201821601005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efimov S., Bokarev S., Pribytkov S. Durability of operated reinforced concrete superstructures of railroad bridges. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018. Vol. 216. No. 01005. DOI 10.1051/matecconf/201821601005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бокарев С. А., Прибытков С. С., Ефимов С. В. Остаточный ресурс железобетонных пролетных строений железнодорожных мостов // Вестник Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. 2018. Т. 20, № 3. С. 169–183. DOI 10.31675/1607-1859-2018-20-3-169-183. EDN XQWPHF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokarev S. A., Pribytkov S. S., Efimov S. V. Residual life of reinforced concrete superstructures of railway bridges. Vestnik of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building. 2018;20(3):169–183. DOI 10.31675/1607-1859-2018-20-3-169-183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ефимов С. В., Квитка В. В. Долговечность железобетонных пролетных строений автодорожных мостов // Развитие науки и практики в глобально меняющемся мире в условиях рисков : сборник материалов VII Международной научно-практической конференции, Москва, 15 декабря 2021 г. ООО «Институт развития образования и консалтинга». 2021. С. 136–143. EDN BMYYSO.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efimov S. V., Kvitka V. V. Durability of reinforced concrete superstructures of highway bridges. Development of Science and Practice in a Globally Changing World in the Conte t of Risks: Proceedings of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference, Moscow, December 15, 221. 2021. P. 136–143. EDN BMYYSO.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macho M., Ryjáček P., Matos J. Fatigue Life Analysis of Steel Riveted Rail Bridges Affected by Corrosion // Structural Engineering International. 2019. Vol. 29. P 551–562. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2019.1612315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macho M., Ryjáček P., Matos J. Fatigue life analysis of steel riveted rail bridges affected by corrosion. Structural Engineering International. 2019;29:551–562. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2019.1612315.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Comparison of different methods for lifetime assessment of a welded railway bridge for sustainable use / D. Siebert, C. Radlbeck, M. Mensinger, A. Burkart // IABSE Symposium Tokyo 2025. 2025. P 567–575. URL: https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0567.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siebert D., Radlbeck C., Mensinger M., Burkart A. Comparison of different methods for lifetime assessment of a welded railway bridge for sustainable use. IABSE Symposium Tokyo 225. 2025. P 567–575. URL: https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0567.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fatigue life assessment of intercity track viaduct based on vehicle–bridge coupled system / C. Cui, F. Feng, X. Meng, X. Liu // Mathematics. 2022. Vol. 10, No. 1663. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/math10101663.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui C., Feng F., Meng X., Liu X. Fatigue Life Assessment of Intercity Track Viaduct Based on Vehicle-Bridge Coupled System. Mathematics. 2022;10(1663). URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/math10101663.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Time-dependent reliability assessment of aging structures considering stochastic resistance degradation process / Y. Yang, J. Peng, C. Cai [et al.] // Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety. 2022. Vol. 217. Art. 108105. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.108105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Y., Peng J., Cai C. [et al.]. Time-dependent reliability assessment of aging structures considering stochastic resistance degradation process. Reliability Engineering  System Safety. 2022;217(108105). URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.108105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Methodology for Assessing the Technical Condition and Durability of Bridge Structures / K. Medvediev, A. Kharchenko, A. Stakhova [et al.] // Infrastructures. 2024. Vol. 9, No. 16. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9010016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medvediev K., Kharchenko A., Stakhova A. [et al.]. Methodology for assessing the technical condition and durability of bridge structures. Infrastructures. 2024;9(16). URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9010016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assessment of remaining service life of deteriorated concrete bridges under imprecise probabilistic information / J. Alam, L. Neves, H. Zhang, D. Dias-Da-Costa // Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2022. Vol. 167, part 2. Art.108565. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.108565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alam J., Neves L., Zhang H., Dias-Da-Costa D. Assessment of remaining service life of deteriorated concrete bridges under imprecise probabilistic information. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2022;167(2):108565. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.108565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Life-cycle modelling of concrete cracking and reinforcement corrosion in concrete bridges : A case study / S. Chen, C. Duffield, S. Miramini [et al.] // Engineering Structures. 2021. Vol. 237, Art. 112143. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen S., Duffield C., Miramini S. [et al.]. Life-cycle modelling of concrete cracking and reinforcement corrosion in concrete bridges: A case study. Engineering Structures. 2021;237(112143). URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Review of Research on Prediction Models for Residual Life of Concrete Structures / L. Qi, X. Peng, Q. Yang [et al.] // Coatings. 2025. Vol. 15, No. 693. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060693.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qi L., Peng X., Yang Q. [et al.]. Review of Research on Prediction Models for Residual Life of Concrete Structures. Coatings. 2025;15(693). URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060693.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dizaj E., Padgett J., Kashani M. A Markov chain-based model for structural vulnerability assessment of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete bridges // Philosophical transactions of the royal society A, mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences. 2021. Vol. 379. Art. 20200290. URL: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dizaj E., Padgett J., Kashani M. A Markov chain-based model for structural vulnerability assessment of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete bridges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 2021;379:20200290. URL: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Надежкин В. А., Надежкина С. А. Модели статистической оценки показателей надежности рельсовых линий // Транспорт и информационные технологии. 2025. Т. 15, № 4. С. 48–64. DOI 10.12731/3033-5965-2025-15-4-410. EDN BBZCAA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nadezhkin V. A. Nadezhkina S. A. Models for statistical assessment of reliability indicators of rail lines. Transportation and Information Technologies in Russia. 2025;15(4):48–64. DOI 10.12731/3033-5965-2025-15-4-410. EDN BBZCAA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Системное моделирование, оценка и оптимизация рисков функционирования распределенных компьютерных систем / Ю. П. Степин, Д. Г. Леонов, Т. М. Папилина, О. А. Степанкина // Компьютерные исследования и моделирование. 2020. Т. 12, № 6. С. 1349–1359. DOI 10.20537/2076-7633-2020-12-6-1349-1359. EDN JDKEWS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepin Y. P., Leonov D. G., Papilina T. M., Stepankina O. A. System modeling, risks evaluation and optimization of a distributed computer system. Computer Research and Modeling. 2020;12(6):1349–1359. (In Russ.). DOI 10.20537/2076-7633-2020-12-6-1349-1359. EDN JDKEWS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корнилов Т. А., Суплецов В. С. Вероятностная оценка расчетного срока службы строительных конструкций промышленных предприятий // Промышленное и гражданское строительство. 2016. № 8. С. 13–17. EDN WHKJZL.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kornilov T. A., Suplecov V. S. Probabilistic assessment of the estimated service life of building structures of industrial enterprises. Industrial and Civil Construction. 2016;(8):13–17. (In Russ.). EDN WHKJZL.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснощеков Ю. В. Вероятностный расчет строительных конструкций с учетом асимметрии распределения случайных величин и функций // Вестник Сибирского государственного автомобильно-дорожного университета. 2020. Т. 17, № 5 (75). С. 636–650. DOI 10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-5-636-650. EDN NQACTC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnoshchekov Yu. V. Probability calculation of building structures considering asymmetry of random values and functions distribution. Bulletin of the Siberian State Automobile and Highway University. 2020;17(75):636–650. (In Russ.). DOI 10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-5-636-650. EDN NQACTC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ Р 50779.27–2017. Статистические методы. Распределение Вейбулла. Анализ данных. Москва : Стандартинформ, 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GOST R 50779.27–2017. Statistical methods. Weibull distribution. Data analysis. Moscow: Standartinform; 2017. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
