In this article is developed a refined method for determining the position of the first switch at the bottom of the sorting roller during the dissolution of different lengths. The review of existing methods is given; the advantage of simulation modeling is presented in solving this problem. As the object of the prototype, a sorting hump of medium power, located at the station HB, was chosen. The first separating element served as the criterion for choosing the sorting device. During the experiments, the "Scat-Otsep" program, developed by the author of the article, is used to determine the time reserve on the first separation element for various variants of its location relative to the top of the hill. A constructive restriction of the closest location of the first dividing arrow to the top of the slide is defined. According to the current regulations, the calculation of the design parameters of the sorting hills is carried out according to the results of rolling off the trains from single cars - rated runners. In this paper, an algorithm is developed for calculating the time reserve on a separating element located within an allowable range of values for different lengths. When performing calculations, the structure of the reprocessed detachment flow was considered, including taking into account the distribution of mass inside the "long" traps. The study of the influence of the length of adjacent trails that are opening from the sorting roller to the time reserve on the first turnout on the downhill part of the hill has established that the time interval mainly depends on the length of the first adjacent detachment and depends little on the length and structure of the second traverse, all other conditions being equal. The exception is the one-way fences. There are defined "long" traps with the best and worst condition of separation from the composition, coming to the hump of the sorting roller coaster.

The article is devoted to issue of effective forwarding empty railcars. Basic research of the issue was conducted during the Soviet period and was relevant for a planned economy transport. Currently railways are part of market economy and some aspects of the theory of railcars traffic organization have to change. The basis of most methods for calculating schedule of train formation is comparison of time expenditure at classification yard and saving time when railcars follow classification yard without shunting. But in modern conditions railcars do not belong to the hauling company and some comparison of times cannot be completely correct. If we analyze series of operations make with railcars at classification yards we can conclude: series of operations include resource-intensive parts and parts do not have hauling costs. The author proposes to evaluate efficiency of forwarding railcars with integral meters reflect hauling costs at classification yard: arrival technical inspection of cars, shunting operations, departure technical inspection of cars. Effective schedule of forwarding railcars can be determined with objective function minimizes hauling costs for integral meters.

For continuous development of car repair production it is necessary not only to replace timely obsolete equipment, but also to update technology of work periodically, in this regard there is a need for constant progressiveness assessment of the applied technology and the equipment for car repairs. Technology process is considered progressive if at its implementation higher or equal growth rates of labor productivity in comparison with planned is provided. The growth rate of labor productivity for period of technology validity is directly proportional to coefficient of increase in productivity of work and is inversely proportional to period of this technology validity. The made analysis of increase coefficient in productivity of work shows that it is inefficient to use the accepted technology process of car repairs both during small term, and during very long period. The coefficient of increase in work productivity depends on the current costs of technology process and also capital investments necessary for its implementation. Analytical dependences necessary for calculations of increase coefficient in productivity of work, growth rate of labor productivity for period of technology validity, maximum growth rate of labor productivity and also the period of technology process action as progressive and highly effective are given in article. The technique of technology progressiveness assessment and the used equipment for car repairs stated in article provides the reasonable conclusion about the reached level of perfection of the operating or projectable technology and also allows managing technical progress in the car parts recovery area.

The article presents method for the possible extension of the wear-life of rails based on the cost of the vital cycle of rails. The cost of the vital cycle of rails is based on the extension of their service life due to the improvement of the work organization on rail grinding. The methodology is based on normative and technical documentation and engineering guidance, statistical data, and the material which was used in the calculations. Also costs that have the identified impact on the cost of the vital cycle of the rails were identified. The research is aimed at finding ways to prevent effectively the occurrence of contact-fatigue origin defects in the rail head and the possible slowing of their development rate. The main idea is to achieve the extension of the normative running time of rails in a million tons of gross tonnage missed with minimization of costs during their vital cycle. The research process is represented by two options - grinding at the established rate of the periodicity, and planning of grinding events with the adjusted periodicity. Research have shown that the main indicator, which will vary depending on the defectiveness of rails and the periodicity of grinding - annual operating costs, that is - the costs of operating rails. The process of operating the rails for different reasons in different areas proceeds in different ways: a straight or a curved path section; parameters of the path: freight strength, speed and so on. So the reasons for the appearance of various defects, their propagation and guidance for grinding defective rails will also have different recommendations. An individual approach to the organization of work on rail grinding contributes to a significant reduction in costs, attributed to the entire of their wear-life. The results obtained serve as a basis for decision-making when planning the periodicity of grinding.

The objects carry a high potential danger because of thermal and kinetic energy reserves of hydrocarbons concentrated in them. Violation of such facilities safe operation has often led, both in our country and abroad, to man - made disasters-fires and explosions, including those accompanied by an explosion wave, with significant damage. The statistical analysis of emergency situation circumstances at the enterprises of oil supply is carried out and groups causing them are defined. On the basis of typical accident scenarios with oil products for the main technological blocks of the object under consideration, "trees of events" are constructed, which allow clearly identify weaknesses of the protection system, with the subsequent assessment of the probability of their implementation and ranking. A method is presented for the risk analysis of accidents at hazardous production facilities. The results of the calculations showed that such elements of critical transport facilities as tanks and tank wagons, despite the efforts made by the owner company and the state, have an increased risk, so it is necessary to develop and implement additional measures: technical, technological, organizational and personnel. The obtained data serve as the basis for further calculations on forecasting potential emergencies at the facility, as well as determining the quantitative value of the risk for the staff.

The analysis of the working conditions of wheelchair washers is made. The problems associated with working in the open air, such as climatic and weather factors, have been studied. The risk of frostbite in open areas of the human body is determined, which determines the degree of work safety in the cooling medium taking into account the time of cold exposure, in accordance with specific values of air temperature and wind speed. The authors established the dynamics of working capacity during all the time intervals during the working shift. The results of the hazard class determination are presented, by comparing the maximum permissible values with the real harmful indicators of production. Calculation of cash mark-ups formed based on the time of actual stay in conditions of harmful influence of this or that factor is carried out. In the process of analyzing the working conditions of the profession, a number of occupational diseases have been identified, such as acute intoxication, dermatitis and dermatosis.

In this article the author, taking into account the developing tendencies in modern economy and innovative management, the imminent requirement to reorient the dispatching management of transportation process to innovative and electronic and satellite control systems, has developed a number of methods and techniques for assessing the complexity of work, professionalism of dispatchers in the new technological processes operating on railway transport. Scientific approaches to the realization of management theory basic provision and optimization of train dispatchers’ labor process at polygon's technologies of transportation process organization are offered. In modern conditions process of transportation dispatching management of commodities and passengers is extremely difficult multilevel structure. In its hierarchy at various levels there are more and more problems of production character requiring timely and their effective solution. The positive effect of such system is described by a configuration of production and the organization of production activity of the stations and the railroad which are under operational management of train dispatchers. Main goal of dispatching function traffic management realization is an opportunity to make operational decisions by the dispatcher, to organize activity of the enterprises and stations on a certain polygon of the railroad in rigidly set time period, at the same time, without reducing efficiency of the transportation process. The technological organization of the dispatching device work should be considered in the system of transportations as one of the most important functions of management.

One of the features of reinforced concrete structures is their work with the presence of cracks (normal and (or) inclined). The very fact of the presence of cracks, of course, does not mean the failure rate of the structures, but calculation of the formation of cracks is mandatory in the design of reinforced concrete structures. Modern achievements in the field of structural calculations and study of the work of materials, allow the calculation of crack formation to be performed as accurately as possible. But at the same time, there are a number of unresolved issues concerning this calculation. One such question is: "what should be the optimal difference between the force at which a crack is formed and the force from the external load?". The use of the method of limiting states does not solve this problem. Perhaps this issue can be solved only using probabilistic calculation methods. Only the answer is not the difference, but the optimal probability that a crack is not formed. The optimal probability in this case can be taken as the normative (or for the normative reliability according to the fracture toughness). The article proposes a way to calculate this normative reliability. The calculation is based on the use of a probabilistic-optimization method taking into account changes in the state of reinforced concrete structures and the external load in time. The solution considers the basic provisions for calculating the formation of only normal cracks in reinforced concrete bending elements using the methods of reliability theory.

Scourage and water treatment sediment are discharged into reservoirs, which leads to their contamination. Water treatment sediments contain mineral and organic substances, which can be useful as a raw material in the production of building ceramics. The objective of the study is to assess the technological potential of scourage and sediment of water treatment as raw material components of building ceramics. For analysis of the granulometric composition of the dispersed phase the method of photo sediment analysis was used. DTA, DTG and TG-curves were obtained using TG 209 F1 thermo sweet. The IR-spectrum of the colloidal component of sediment was obtained using an IRAffinity-1S IR-Fourier spectrometer. It is determined that the chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of the water treatment sediment are similar to natural organomineral soils - sapropels. Specific feature of the water treatment sediment is the presence of quartz in its ultra-dispersed state. Thermogramm show gasification’s exothermic effects by the organic components of the water treatment sediment (120-420 °C), which can contribute to the formation of the ceramic material porous structure during the firing process. Results of photometric and spectral analyzes indicate the presence of quartz, clay particles, carbonates, and colloidal silicon dioxide in the mineral part of the sediment. Colloidal silicon dioxide in the composition of water treatment sediment can be formed as a result of silicic acid monomers polymerization, formed as a result of quartz prolonged hydration.